Concept 1 / 3
Key Energy Equations
Potential energy: W = m · g · h
Thermal energy (heating a fluid): Q = ρ · cₚ · V · ΔT
- cₚ,water = 4.2 kJ/(kg·K)
- ρ_water = 1000 kg/m³
Energy content of a fuel: E = m · H_LHV
- H_LHV = Lower Heating Value [MJ/kg or kWh/kg]
Thermal power plant efficiency: η_el = P_el / (ṁ_fuel · H_LHV)
Unit conversions to memorize:
- 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ
- 1 TOE = 11.63 MWh
- 1 TWh = 10⁹ kWh